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A queen consort is the wife of a reigning , and usually shares her spouse's social rank and status. She holds the feminine equivalent of the king's monarchical and may be crowned and anointed, but historically she does not formally share the king's political and military powers, unless on occasion acting as .

(2025). 9780753826119, Phoenix.

In contrast, a is a female who rules (Latin for, "in her own right") and usually becomes queen by inheriting the throne upon the death of the previous monarch.

A is a widowed queen consort, and a is a queen dowager who is the mother of the current monarch.

Titles
When a title other than king is held by the sovereign, his wife can be referred to by the feminine equivalent, such as or empress consort.

In monarchies where has been practised in the past (such as and ), or is practised today (such as the nation and the various polities), the number of the king's wives and their status vary. In Morocco, King Mohammed VI has broken with tradition and given his wife, Lalla Salma, the title of princess; prior to his reign, the Moroccan monarchy had no such title. In , the king and queen must both be of ; his other consorts need not be royal before marriage to him but are accorded royal titles that confer status. A Zulu designates one of his wives as "", an equivalent to queen consort.

The situation is more complex in . are essentially of equal rank. Although one wife, usually the one married to the chief for the longest time, may be given a of her own to highlight her relatively higher status compared to the other wives, she does not share her husband's ritual power as a chieftain. When a woman is to be vested with an authority similar to that of the chief, she is usually a lady courtier in his service who, although not married to him, is expected to lead his female subjects on his behalf.

In the , (; Ḫāṣekī Sulṭān; ) was the title held by the lawful wife and imperial consort of the sultan.

(1986). 9780313248115, Bloomsbury Academic.
The title was first used in the 16th century by , wife of Suleiman the Magnificent, replacing the previous title of "Baş Kadın ("Head Lady"). The bearer of the title occupied the second most important position in the Ottoman Empire for a female after (queen mother).

While the wife of a king is usually given the title of queen, there is much less consistency for the husband of a . The title of is rare. Examples are Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, in and Francis, Duke of Cádiz, in . Antoine of Bourbon-Vendôme in and Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in also gained the title. In Portugal, because of the practice of , both King Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburgo-Gotha and his predecessor, King Pedro of Portugal, were treated as ruling kings in protocol and were thus symbolically co-rulers with their wives, but both really had only the same power of a consort and the queen was the real ruler.

The title of for the husband of a reigning queen is more common. The monarchies that adopted this title did so because the title of king is usually historically higher than queen, so when the sovereign is female, her husband should never have a higher title than her. An example is Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. He married of the United Kingdom; because she insisted that he be given a title identifying his status, he became Albert, Prince Consort.

Role
The traditional on queenship has created an image of a queen who is a king's "helpmate" and provider of heirs.
(1986). 9780907628590 .
They had power within the royal household and partially within the court. Their duty was running the royal household smoothly, such as directing the children's education, supervising the staff, and managing the private royal treasury. They unofficially acted as hostesses, ensuring the royal family was not involved in scandals and giving gifts to high-ranking officials in a society where this was important to maintain bonds. As a result, consorts were expected to act as wise, loyal, and chaste women.

Some royal consorts of foreign origin have served as cultural transmitters. Due to their unique position of being reared in one culture and then, when very young, promised into marriage in another land with a different culture, they have served as a cultural bridge between nations. Based on their journals, diaries, and other autobiographical or historical accounts, some exchanged and introduced new forms of art, music, religion, and fashion.

However, the consorts of monarchs have no official political power per se, even when their position is or recognized. They often held an informal sort of power dependent on the opportunities afforded to them. Should a queen consort have had an amiable personality and high intelligence, produced a healthy , and gained the favor of the court, then chances were higher she would gain more power over time.

(2025). 9780521814225, Cambridge University Press.
Many royal consorts have been shrewd or ambitious stateswomen and, usually (but not always) unofficially, among the monarch's most trusted advisors. In some cases, the royal consort has been the chief power behind her husband's throne, e.g., Maria Luisa of Parma, wife of Charles IV of Spain. At other times the consort of a deceased monarch (the or ) has served as if her child, the successor to the throne, was still a minor:
  • Queen Regent Anne of Kiev, mother of Philip I of France
  • Queen Regent , grandmother of King Seongjong of Korea
  • Queen Regent , mother of King Myeongjong of Korea
  • Queen Regent , grandmother of King Heonjong of Korea
  • Grand Princess Regent Olga of Kiev, mother of Sviatoslav I of Kiev
  • Grand Princess Regent , mother of Ivan IV of Russia
  • Queen Regent Mary of Guise, mother of Mary, Queen of Scots
  • Queen Regent Catherine of Austria, grandmother of King Sebastian of Portugal
  • Queen Regent Marie de' Medici, mother of of
  • Queen Regent Anne, mother of of
  • Queen Regent Luisa de Guzmán, mother of Afonso VI of Portugal
  • , mother of Damodar Rao of
  • Queen Regent Maria Christina of Austria, mother of of Spain
  • Queen Regent Emma of Waldeck and Pyrmont, mother of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
  • Queen Regent , mother of Abbas II of Persia
  • Queen Regent Helen of Greece, mother of Michael I of Romania

Similarly, in several cases in Siam (now ) the queen consort was named regent during an extended absence of the king:

  • Queen Regent Saovabha Phongsri, wife of of , served as Regent during his tour of Europe
  • Queen Regent , wife of King Bhumibol Adulyadej of , served as Regent during her husband's extended retreat

Examples of queens and empresses consort
Past queens consort:

Past empresses consort:

Current queens consort:

  • Queen , consort of of the United Kingdom
  • Queen , consort of Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck of Bhutan
  • Queen Letizia, consort of
  • Queen 'Masenate, consort of
  • Queen Mary, consort of of Denmark
  • Queen Mathilde, consort of Philippe of Belgium
  • Queen Máxima, consort of Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands
  • Queen Nanasipauʻu Tukuʻaho, consort of
  • Queen Rania, consort of Abdullah II of Jordan
  • Queen Saleha, consort of
  • Queen Silvia, consort of Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden
  • Queen Sonja, consort of of Norway
  • Queen , consort of
  • Queen Zarith Sofiah, consort of Ibrahim Iskandar of Malaysia

Current empress consort:

Current queens consort in federal monarchies

  • Queen Nur Zahirah, consort of Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu
  • Queen Fauziah, consort of Sirajuddin of Perlis
  • Queen Norashikin, consort of Sharafuddin of Selangor
  • Queen Aishah Rohani, consort of Muhriz of Negeri Sembilan
  • Queen Zarith Sofiah, consort of Ibrahim Iskandar of Johor
  • Queen Nur Diana Petra, consort of Muhammad V of Kelantan
  • Queen Zara Salim, consort of Nazrin Shah of Perak
  • Queen , consort of Sallehuddin of Kedah
  • Queen Azizah, consort of Abdullah of Pahang

Because queens consort lack an with which to distinguish between them, many historical texts and encyclopedias refer to deceased consorts by their premarital (or maiden) name or title, not by their marital royal title (examples: Queen Mary, consort of , is usually called Mary of Teck, and Queen Maria José, consort of Umberto II of Italy, is usually called Marie José of Belgium).

See also
  • Sultana
  • Royal Noble Consort (Korea)
  • List of Bohemian consorts
  • List of Burmese consorts
  • List of British royal consorts
  • List of Bulgarian consorts
  • List of royal consorts of Canada
  • List of Danish royal consorts
  • List of Dutch royal consorts
  • List of Queens and Empresses of France
  • List of Georgian consorts
  • List of Hawaiian royal consorts
  • List of Hungarian consorts
  • List of Japanese imperial consorts
  • List of Norwegian royal consorts
  • List of Persian consorts
  • List of Pre-colonial Filipino Consorts
  • List of Portuguese queens
  • List of Spanish royal consorts
  • List of Swedish royal consorts
  • List of Thai royal consorts
  • List of Tongan royal consorts

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